Comparative Study Between the Effect of Potassium Bromate and Calcium Carbonate on Stomach and Jejunal Mucosa of Adult Albino Rat (Histological & Immunohistochemical Study)

Background:Potassium bromate serves as a chemical additive in food production, especially in bread making. Calcium carbonate is a supplement that has various industrial and pharmacological uses.Aim of the work: study the effect of Potassium Bromate and Calcium carbonate on stomach and jejunal mucosa of adult albino rat.Material & methods: 40 rats were subdivided into four groups:  Group I (control group): rats were given distilled water, Group II: rats were given KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg/day,) dissolved in distilled water using a gastric tube for 4 weeks. Group III: rats were given calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) (1 g/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water using a gastric tube for 4 weeks. Group IV: rats were given both calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and KBrO₃. animals were sacrificed, and stomach and jejunum were isolated and subjected to stain with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stain Ki67.Result: In KBrO₃ group, gastric mucosa was damaged in the form of deep gastric ulcers reaching muscularis mucosa, detachment of surface epithelial and destruction of parietal and chief cells. jejunal mucosa destructed with vacuolated villi epithelium and destroyed lamina propria, in CaCO₃ group jejunal &gastric mucosa had preserved architecture, in KBrO₃& CaCO₃ there was some destruction in the gastric and jejunal mucosa. immunohistochemical result there was significant increase in Ki67 expression in KBrO₃ group and KBrO₃& CaCO₃group compared to control and CaCO₃ group.Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that potassium bromates had toxic effects on gastric and jejunal tissues, while calcium carbonate showed a comparatively protective role.