Effect of Green Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite with Fenugreek Seeds Extract on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat

Al Hunduwan, Khaled; El Hamidy, Salim M.

doi:10.21608/eajbsd.2024.399473

Effect of Green Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite with Fenugreek Seeds Extract on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

² Princess Doctor Najla Bint Saud Al Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

10.21608/eajbsd.2024.399473

Abstract

Background: With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exploring alternative therapeutic agents with antioxidant and glucose-regulating properties is crucial. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) on glucose metabolism, liver function, and oxidative stress alongside with histopathological examination for hepatic tissue in a rat model of T2DM. Methods: Seventy-five adult Wister albino rats were randomly categorized into five groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with ZnO-NPs, diabetic rats treated with TFG, and treated with a combination of ZnO-NPs and TFG. T2DM was induced using Streptozotocin (STZ), one single dose (50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Treatment for diabetic rats was conducted using ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg), TFG (500 mg/kg), and a combination of ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg) and TFG (500 mg/kg) together. Results: The results showed significantly reduced blood glucose and HbA1c levels and improved insulin levels in treated groups. Liver function markers (ALT, AST, total bilirubin) were elevated in the diabetic group but improved significantly with treatment. Antioxidant markers, including glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, were enhanced, while malondialdehyde levels decreased in treated rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs and TFG seed extract may have therapeutic potential in improving glucose metabolism, liver function, and oxidative stress in T2DM. Further studies are warranted to explore clinical applicability.

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