Protective Effect of Costus (Saussurea Costus) Ethanolic Extract on Oxaloplatin®-Induced Histological Changes and Hemato-Cardiotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Due to the cytotoxic properties of Oxaloplatin^®, including hemato-cardiotoxicity, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of costus ethanolic extract to ameliorate cardio-hemato-toxicity accompanied Oxaloplatin^® therapy in male rats. After acclimatization, adult male Wistar albino rats (160-200g) were randomly divided into four groups (10 animals each); the first group included normal rats and served as control, the second group included normal rats orally administered with 50 mg/kg of costus ethanolic extract (CEE) for 6 weeks, the third group included rats intraperitoneally intoxicated with of Oxaloplatin^® (10 mg/kg/week) for a similar period, and the fourth group included rats intoxicated with Oxaloplatin^® 6 weeks as the same time orally ingested with CEE six weeks. The obtained results revealed that CEE markedly restored the cardiological and hematological deteriorations induced by Oxaloplatin^®; this was evidenced by the significant reduction in cardiac MDA and NO coupled with marked elevation of cardiac GSH, SOD and CAT. Also, serum CK, LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were markedly lowered with elevated HDL and CD4. Cardiac DNA fragmentation percentage was declined significantly. Hematological indices were markedly restored. Moreover, the histopathological findings showed marked regeneration. In conclusion, CEE exhibited anti-cardio-hematotoxicities properties that may be mechanized through the radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics of its active constituent's especially high phenolic content; reflecting a promising potency of CEE as a cardio-hemato protective supplement.