Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210106The Femoral Head Epiphysis of Ovariectomized Rats as A Site for Studies on Osteoporosis: Microstructural Changes Evaluations11214598310.21608/eajbsd.2021.145983ENAhmedAtwaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptMohsen A.MostafaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptSihongSongDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of AmericaMoustafaSarhanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20201015<strong>Background</strong>:Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of the microarchitectonics of bone structure and a high risk for fracture<br /> <strong>Objective</strong>:To explore in detail the structural characteristics of cancellous bone from the femoral head epiphysis of normal and ovariectomized rats, and to characterise an alternative and complementary anatomic site to improve experimental researches on osteoporosis.<br /> <strong>Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:<br /> Group: 1 (sham-operated control group) and group: 2 (bilaterally ovariectomized group OVX for induction of osteoporosis) group 2 is further divided into 2-subgroups:( 3-months OVX and 6-months OVX). Femur's heads were collected, examined by using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and routine bone histology. Blood serum samples were collected for the determination of total calcium and phosphorus levels by using a spectrophotometer.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>:Postmenopausal osteoporosis model was successfully established in OVX rat compared to sham-operated control rats. The femoral head epiphysis of OVX animals had decreased trabecular thickness, cortical thickness, with increased medullary width and porosity holes as determined by histological assessment and SEM. Moreover, EDX analysis of the femoral head epiphysis indicated a significant decrease of calcium concentration in epiphyseal regions of femoral heads in OVX rats (P<0.05) compared to sham-operated control rats. In contrast, serum levels of calcium in sham-operated group were significantly decreased compared to that of OVX 3 or 6 months groups (P<0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data from this study characterize osteoporosis induced in the rat 12 weeks after ovariectomy and present the epiphysial femur's head as a site for further investigations on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_145983_9671e0f95912fc297a6e7712bd45f231.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210114Testicular Ameliorative Effect of L- Carnitine on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Testicular Structure Alterations in Male Mice133015450310.21608/eajbsd.2021.154503ENAbdelkarimو M.AbdellateifZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum UniversityWesamو S.TwfeqZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum UniversityJournal Article20201018This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effect of L-carnitine on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced testicular toxicity in male mice. Sixty adult male mice were randomized into 6 groups (<em>n </em>= 10). In addition, to the control male mice group (Gp1) that orally administered distilled water, Gp2 mice received 150 mg/kg/day L-carnitine for 35 days. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was orally administered to male mice at doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/g body weight individually (Gp3 & Gp4) and in combination with 150 mg/kg body weight of L-carnitine for 35 days (Gp5 & Gp6). The morphometric parameters, histopathological findings and immunohistochemical studies for PCNA, Ki-67 and Claudin-1 of the testis tissue demonstrated that L-carnitineattenuated and ameliorated the alterations in testicular tissues caused by MSG exposure.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the present study indicated that treatment of male mice with L-carnitine banned MSG-induced testicular toxicity by improving testicular structure status.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_154503_eee3151bc2147d600c182cff1e070b98.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210317Effect of Prenatal Topiramate Administration on Early Postnatal Expression of GFAP in Radial Glial Cells in Albino Rat Cerebellum and Spinal Cord314215716810.21608/eajbsd.2021.157168ENHagar AHashishDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.0000-0003-4245-7650Journal Article20210203<strong>Background:</strong> Topiramate is known as a modern drug approved for the treatment of patients with partial seizures. Radial glial cells are bipolar-shaped cells in the developing central nervous system of vertebrates. It can differentiate into other neurons and astrocytes. GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, is a glial intermediate filament protein that is known as the most comprehensive marker for astroglial cells including the radial glia<br /> <strong>Aim of the work:</strong> There are few reports on topiramate administration during pregnancy. Therefore, this drug was chosen to investigate its effects, if any, especially the expression of GFAP in radial glia in the pups’ cerebellum and spinal cord<em>.</em><br /> <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Male and female rats were coupled in one cage for mating. On the next morning, mating was approved by the presence of sperms in the female vaginal swab, it was considered as Gestation Day zero:0. Twelve female pregnant rats were divided equally into two groups; control and topiramate treated. Topiramate drug was given to the treated group via orogastric tube from GD zero (0) till the time of delivery in a dose of 100mg/kg the control rats were administered tap water by orogastric tube. At the end of the experiment, the newly born pups (PN1) were weighed, anesthetized with Ketamine (60 mg/kg i.p.). The cerebellum and spinal cord were dissected and weighted. The specimens were fixed in Bouin’s solution then processed for preparation of H& E and GFAP immunostained sections.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong>In H& E-stained sections, the cerebellum in the control group was formed of subsequent layers, purkinje cells were arranged in one row, rounded or fusiform shape<strong>.</strong> GFAP positive Immunostained radial fibers (Bregman glia) were detected in granular and purkinje cell layers. The treated group showed that cells were disorganized and degenerated with focal areas of neuronal loss<strong>.</strong> Weak GFAP reaction was observed in Bregman glia in granular, purkinje and white matter cell layers<strong>.</strong> The lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord ventral horn showed large multipolar motor neurons with vesicular nucleus (“owl-eye” appearance), dendrites and axons were obvious. Glial cells with deeply stained nuclei were noticed<strong>.</strong> In the treated group, neurons appeared degenerated, vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei with focal areas of cellular loss<strong>.</strong> GFAP immunostained section in the control group showed an intense reaction in the radial fibers of the glia of the ventral funiculus, in contrast to the treated group which showed a faint reaction in both ventral funiculus and horn.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: it could be concluded that daily regular administration of topiramate during a childbearing period in females may result in a neurotoxic effect in the cerebellum and spinal cord. So, the administration of this drug should be under strict medical observation.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_157168_658673123051541ffbce5c0f0785a168.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210327A Histological Study on The Effects of Bisphenol an Administration on The Liver, Spleen and Pancreas of Adult Male Albino Rats and The Possible Protective Role of Lycopene436115917410.21608/eajbsd.2021.159174ENHala Z.E.MohamedDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAshraf E.BastwrousFDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut Universityaculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20210211 Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disturbing element liberated through the environment and broadly used all over the world. The purpose of this work was to explore the impacts of BPA on liver, spleen and pancreas of adult male albino rats and the probable protecting role of Lycopene. Thirty adult male albino rats were distributed into three groups; group I (control group) , group II administrated BPA orally (50 mg/kg) for 30 days and group III (BPA+ Lycopene treated group) administered Lycopene (LYC) concomitantly with BPA at a dose of 10 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, rats of all groups were sacrificed. Liver, spleen and pancreas were extracted, fixed and processed for histologic study. The area % of the collagen fibers in liver, spleen and pancreas was measured in the different groups and statistically analyzed. Structural alterations were discovered in liver, spleen and pancreas of BPA-treated rats including dilated congested blood vessels and vacuolar degeneration of the cells. When Lycopene (LYC) was concomitantly administered with BPA, It produced marked improvement at structural and ultrastructural levels. The morphometric results declared that the area % of the collagen fibers in the liver, spleen and pancreases was considerably increased in the BPA-treated group in comparison to the control group. Meanwhile the area % of the collagen fibers of BPA+ Lycopene treated group was more or less comparable to the control group with no significant difference. It was concluded that LYC has noticeable protective effects versus the damaging effects of BPA.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_159174_20387f0fe8bac9b3135e9f101d88b9db.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210417Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Ivermectin Induced Toxicity on Kidney Functions and Brain Tissue in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus637716458110.21608/eajbsd.2021.164581ENMakhloufChahrazed-Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Blida 1, BP 270. Soumaa, Blida, Algeria
- Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou, AlgeriaKhaldoun OularbiHassina-Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Blida 1, BP 270. Soumaa, Blida, Algeria
- Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou, AlgeriaBokretaSoumya-Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Blida 1, BP 270. Soumaa, Blida, Algeria
- Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou, AlgeriaOularbiYasmineNational Higher School of Agronomy, El-Harrach, 16200, Algiers, AlgeriaZerroukeHoudaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Blida 1, BP 270. Soumaa, Blida, AlgeriaDaoudi ZerroukiNaciraNatural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou, AlgeriaJournal Article20210228The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated intake of a high dose of Ivermectin (IVM) alone or with co-administration of Vitamin C on kidney biochemical parameters and histological structure of kidney and brain of male rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>). Male rabbits were distributed into four groups (5 rabbits/group) and treated for three consecutive weeks: receiving distilled water; IVM 2 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously, 3 times a week; IVM + Vitamin C 20 mg/1mL by gavage and IVM + Vitamin C 200mg /kg of diet in food. IVM significantly (p < 0.05) increased the plasma level of creatinine compared to the control group. Co-treatment with vitamin C orally by gavage ameliorated this level compared to IVM group. The histopathological examination of kidney sections in IVM alone treated group showed dilated Bowmans’ spaces, dilated renal tubules, vascular congestion and cell infiltration. The brain tissues demonstrated vacuolated neuropil and degenerative changes in nerve cells in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of IVM-treated rabbits. However, these histological changes were moderate in both vitamin C co-treated groups. In conclusion, vitamin C has a protective effect against nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by subacute administration of a high dose of IVM.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_164581_7f429371754f3d267adbb393023af62c.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210420Protective Effects of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Against Voliam Targo® Induced Kidney and Brain Toxicity in Male Rabbits799516458310.21608/eajbsd.2021.164583ENSoumyaBokreta-Departement of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University Blida 1, BP 270- Soumaa- Blida- Algeria
-Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou. AlgeriaKhaldoun-OularbiHassina-Departement of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University Blida 1, BP 270- Soumaa- Blida- Algeria
-Natural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou. AlgeriaFerhat MohamedAmineLaboratory of Bioactive Substances and Valorisation of Biomasse. Ecole Normale Supérieure. Vieux Kouba. P.O.Box 92, 16050 Alger, AlgeriaChahrazedMakhloufDepartement of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University Blida 1, BP 270- Soumaa- Blida- AlgeriaDaoudi-ZerroukiNaciraNatural Resources Laboratory, University Mouloud Mammeri, BP 15017. Tizi-Ouzou. AlgeriaJournal Article20210228The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> essential oil against kidney and brain toxicity induced by an abamectin-based insecticide Voliam targo<sup>® </sup>(VT) in male rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>). The extraction of the essential oil from <em>T. vulgaris</em> (TEO) by hydrodistillation allowed us to obtain an essential oil with a yield of 0.30 and the characterization of this essential oil by GC / MS indicates that the major component is carvacrol (86.25%). Twenty rabbits were randomly allocated to four equal groups and treated for 21 consecutive days: Control group, VT-group (4 mg ABA kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight), TEO-group (0.5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight), and VT + TEO-group (0.5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight of TEO plus the same dose of VT). Our results revealed that the administration of VT resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum creatinine and uric acid levels as compared to the control group. Voliam targo<sup>®</sup> was found to induce histopathological alterations in the kidney, namely dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, dilatation of proximal and distal tubules and lymphocytes infiltration within the renal cortical interstitium. Furthermore, the subacute exposure to VT resulted in neurotoxic effects on the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum of treated rabbits. However, co-administration of <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> essential oil significantly reversed renal function biomarkers to near normal levels and improved morphological changes of the kidney and brain tissues. The present results indicate that carvacrol-rich thyme essential oil exerts protective effects against VT-induced renal and neuro-toxicity.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_164583_fb0ba22e58eb2270a136c886b162f34d.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210420The Early Changes in Splenic Lymphocyte and Macrophage Populations Following Major Liver Resection in Rats.9711216501310.21608/eajbsd.2021.165013ENHassan Reda HassanElsayedAnatomy and Embryology, faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university0000-0002-3489-3279Journal Article20210301<strong><span>Background and aim of the work: </span></strong><span>Splenic hypertrophy occur after major hepatectomy (HTX). The spleen was suggested to inhibit hepatocyte proliferation and consequently, splenectomy was considered. The present study aims to examine the influence of 70% partial hepatectomy (HTX) on the splenic histological structure, T, B lymphocyte and macrophage populations and to discuss the functional correlation.<strong>Methods: </strong>The rats were assigned to two groups; Sham group, and 70% Partial hepatectomy (HTX) group; which was further subdivided into 2 subgroups; sacrificed 24 or 48h, after HTX; Groups (HTX 24h) and (HTX 48h); respectively. </span><span>H & E as a routine stain, iron staining by Prussian blue, as well as immunohistochemical detection of splenic CD3; a marker for T lymphocyte; CD20; a marker for B lymphocyte and CD68; a marker for macrophage; were done.</span><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>HTX 24h and HTX 48h groups exhibited enlargement of </span><span>splenic follicles, </span><span>no</span><span> expansion of red pulp < /span><span>, no increase in apoptosis, mild increase in the number of melanomacrophages. </span><span>CD3 expression increased significantly in HTX groups as compared to Sham group. However, CD3 expression in HTX 24h and HTX 48h groups exhibited insignificant difference. CD20 expression showed no significant difference among the studied groups. CD68 expression and Prussian blue staining showed a non-significant increase in HTX 24h group and significant increase in HTX 48h group.</span><strong><span>Conclusion: </span></strong><span>During the first two days after HTX, there was a rapid increase in splenic T- but not B-lymphocytes with subsequent increase in splenic macrophages. The splenic changes may explain a role of in liver regeneration.</span></span>https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_165013_d7bc70d36b8568a6474f7e7cb79bc65f.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, D. Histology & Histochemistry2090-077513120210609Possible Short-Term Biological Effects of Kefir: ⅡⅠ: Efficacy of Kefir Beverage on The Cell Biological, Histochemical, Histopathological and Biochemical Changes in Kidney of High-Fat Fed STZ- Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rat.11313517773210.21608/eajbsd.2021.177732ENAbdel-Baset M.Aref-Cell Biology and Histochemistry Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
-Vice President of Institutional Animal Cure and Use Committee of South Valley University in Egypt (IACUC-SVU-Egypt).GülhanÜnlüDepartment of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, USAOsama M.AhmedPhysiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityMargitSemmlerDiabetes Research Institute, Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, GermanyLobna A.AliCell Biology and Histochemistry Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptJournal Article20210420This study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of kefir beverage on kidney structure biologically, histochemical and some biochemical parameters such as cholesterol level, MCP-1, and resistin in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 60 rats were divided into two experiments by six groups: experiment Ⅰ included 3 non-diabetic ones and experiment ⅠⅠ included three STZ- induced diabetes groups. The groups were fed as follows: group 1 received a standard diet and served as control. Group 2 was fed on a standard diet and kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage). Group 3 received a high-fat diet and kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage). The diabetic males of groups A, B, and C were fed on the high-fat diet. Group B received besides kefir (0.7 ml/animal/day by gavage), while group C was injected additionally with insulin (0.76 UI/200 mg BW/day). After 5 weeks, animals of all groups were sacrificed. From the cell biological, histochemical, and histopathological conceptions, both kefir and insulin have various effects on cellular activities and different chemical materials contents, such as DNA, RNA, total protein, collagen, polysaccharides, and lipoproteins, in the examined normal and diabetic renal tubule cells of the male rats. Overall, it seems like kefir beverage may, to some extent, completely repair the diabetic pathological side effects such as kidney dysfunction regarding keeping the kidney tissue structurally almost normal with some changes in the histochemical components investigated, also there was an improvement in cholesterol level with a beneficial effect on lowering inflammatory markers. Finally, kefir highly reduces the collagen formation in the renal cells that prevent renal nephron from its function and we propose probably kefir treats kidney failure as a side effect of diabetes, by a mechanism that is opposite to the proposed mechanism, for the formation of this kidney failure induced by diabetes, via us in the present work.https://eajbsd.journals.ekb.eg/article_177732_34e4425e7a5ba12abb2a84014d5013be.pdf